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Saying "Yes, If": A Practical Framework for Governing Generative AI in Sports Organizations
Saying "Yes, If": A Practical Framework for Governing Generative AI in Sports Organizations

The public conversation about artificial intelligence in sports gravitates toward the field of play. Draft models, injury prediction, in-game analytics, and the race for a competitive edge dominate the coverage, and understandably so. For the lawyers who represent clubs, however, the day-to- day exposure looks quite different. A professional sports team is also a media company, a hospitality business, an events venue, a retailer, and an employer, and generative AI is already at work in all those operations.

 

By Marissa Meli, Associate General Counsel, Green Bay Packers and Samir Patel, Associate Attorney, Holland & Knight LLP
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Back-to-School Booklist from the DEI Committee
Back-to-School Booklist from the DEI Committee

While many of us may long be beyond mandatory reading lists (students and professors, please disregard), joining in the spirit of those returning to school, the DEI Committee of the Sports Lawyers Association assembled a list of books that we would like to recommend.

In fact, we received so many recommendations from our group that we had to split the list in two: so, prepare for an additional “holiday gift recommendation” book list in a few months too.

The following list of fifteen (15) books includes a mix of sports- and non-sports books, predominantly non-fiction and one fiction (“Theo of Golden: A Novel”, by Allen Levi). Most importantly, each book should advance your understanding or thoughts of diversity, equity, and inclusion in some way or another.

Lastly, the list includes books by esteemed members of our committee, Jeremi Duru and Nona Lee, and former SLA President, Kenneth Shropshire. For convenience, the books are grouped and presented as sports and non-sports then alphabetized by book title with genre/topic identifiers included.

Enjoy!

By The Sports Lawyers Association DEI Committee
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The Immigration Law Barrier Blocking International Student-Athletes from NIL
The Immigration Law Barrier Blocking International Student-Athletes from NIL

The House v. NCAA settlement and the broader NIL revolution it ratified have created a marketplace in which a quarterback's endorsement deal, a basketball player's social media presence, and a swimmer's commercial appearances are recognized as legitimate commerce.[1] However, that transformation has not reached all athletes equally. For the more than 27,000 international student-athletes who compete in NCAA athletics, nearly eight percent of the total student-athlete population, the NIL revolution has been largely theoretical.[2] The F-1 student visa, under which virtually all international college students enter the United States, broadly prohibits off-campus, non-curricular employment.[3] A brand endorsement, a licensing agreement, a paid promotional appearance can each constitute a form of unauthorized work under federal immigration law, potentially jeopardizing an international athlete's visa status, enrollment, and right to remain in the country.[4]

Faced with this constraint, some international athletes have sought a workaround through the P-1A visa, which is available to internationally recognized athletes and expressly permits ancillary promotional activities.[5] Last-Tear Poa, an Australian national and NCAA women's basketball player, pursued this route and the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) denied her application on three independent grounds.[6] Each of the three denial grounds raises a distinct legal question about whether the P-1A framework can accommodate a college athlete in the NIL era, making Poa v. Jaddou the first known federal lawsuit to directly confront the immigration law barriers facing international college athletes in the NIL era. Poa challenged that denial in the Middle District of Louisiana in October 2024, and the case survived USCIS's motion to dismiss in September 2025, with the court holding that a full administrative record was required to answer the questions posed.
 
By Sade Frazier, SLA NextGen Committee Member
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From Loophole to Lockdown: The Evolution of LTIR Cap Relief in the NHL
From Loophole to Lockdown: The Evolution of LTIR Cap Relief in the NHL

The salary cap has shaped professional sports since its debut in the NBA during the 1984-1985 season, with other leagues like the NFL and the NHL following suit.[1] However, no league’s cap has had as profound an impact on competitive balance as the NHL’s, primarily because of how low it is relative to the market value of the players and the size of the team. One of the more complex mechanisms that has emerged under the hard cap system is the use of Long-Term Injury Reserve (“LTIR”), which teams have used strategically to navigate, and at times to circumvent, cap restrictions

 
By Corey Spector, Sports Lawyers Association, Hockey Subcommittee Member
Tags: Hockey, Salary cap, NHL, LTIR
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The Cost of Visibility: How NIL & Prop Betting Are Exposing College Athletes to Growing Safety Threats
The Cost of Visibility: How NIL & Prop Betting Are Exposing College Athletes to Growing Safety Threats

Student-athletes today face a growing safety crisis fueled by two converging forces: the rise of NIL monetization and the rapid expansion of legalized sports betting. While NIL has empowered athletes to build personal brands and capitalize financially, it has also dramatically increased their public exposure and corresponding vulnerability to harassment, coercion, and physical threats. At the same time, prop betting markets have incentivized direct harassment tied to individual performance, creating real-time pressure on student-athletes. Despite some NCAA initiatives and limited legislative responses, meaningful protections remain incomplete and dangerously inadequate.

By Amelia Taylor, SLA NextGen Committee Member
Tags: College Athletes, NIL, Betting monetization, Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA), Sports Betting
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Signed Before 18: The Legal and Ethical Implications of Teen Athletes Signing with Professional Sports Teams
Signed Before 18: The Legal and Ethical Implications of Teen Athletes Signing with Professional Sports Teams

Professional sports teams are increasingly signing teen athletes as young as 13 to high-value contracts, raising questions about contract enforceability and developmental risks for minors.[1] In 2023, 13-year-old Da’vian Kimbrough became the youngest athlete in the history of American team sports when the Sacramento Republic soccer team signed him to a professional contract. That same year, 15-year-old Melanie Barcenas signed a three-year contract with the San Diego Wave and the National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL), debuting as the league’s youngest athlete ever. Barcenas joined a growing number of teen players advancing their careers to professional levels at ages when most teens are navigating hormonal changes, fitting in, social media, and college admissions.

By Anavictoria Avila, Esq., SLA Member
Tags: Teen Athletes, Professional Sports Teams, Fair Labor Standards Act
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